BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//132.216.98.100//NONSGML kigkonsult.se iCalcreator 2.20.4// BEGIN:VEVENT UID:20250331T034456EDT-6558UAOHx7@132.216.98.100 DTSTAMP:20250331T074456Z DESCRIPTION:Established in 1935\, the Hughlings Jackson Lecture is The Neur o’s premier scientific lecture. It honours the legacy of British neurologi st John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) who pioneered the development of neu rology as a medical specialty. A reception will follow.\n\nTo register: co ming soon\n\nTo view virtually: https://vimeo.com/event/5008767 \n\nTalk: The Basal Ganglia and the Motivation to Act\n\nSpeaker: Ann Graybiel\, PhD \n Institute Professor\, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences\, MIT\n \nAbstract: It is universally recognized that the basal ganglia are implic ated in major hypokinetic and hyperkinetic extrapyramidal motor disorders. But a shift in thinking about the basal ganglia is occurring with the rea lization that their reach extends beyond the control of movement to modula tion of mood and cognition. In this lecture\, I will focus on experimental work that favors these non-classical views and introduce evidence that pr eviously unrecognized links between the striatum and the dopamine-containi ng neurons of the substantia nigra may be crucial to these non-classical f unctions of the basal ganglia. Foundational work has shown that a balance between two great basal ganglia output pathways\, the Direct-D1 and Indire ct-D2 pathways\, is necessary for normal movement. Imbalance favoring the canonical D-1 ‘Go’ pathway is seen in hyperkinetic disorders including Hun tington’s disorder\, and imbalance favoring the canonical D-2 ‘NoGo’ pathw ay leads to hypokinetic disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Thus oper ationally\, an agonist-antagonist balance is thought to regulate and coord inate movements\, along with additional cooperative links between these. T hese pathways lead to the motor output nuclei of the basal ganglia. Quite outside this model is the nigro-striato-nigral loop\, which is a target of Parkinson’s disease and has been implicated in a range of neuropsychiatri c disorders. With the explosion of new methods in experimental neuroscienc e it now has been possible to catch the first glimpses of how these two ci rcuit organizations could be aligned. Remarkably\, it turns out that the c anonical Direct and Indirect pathways are paralleled by a non-canonical pa ir of Direct and Indirect pathways that target not the motor outputs of th e basal ganglia proper\, but the dopamine-containing neurons of the substa ntia nigra. These newly recognized pathways arise from specialized\, widel y distributed modules in the striatum called striosomes\, first identified in the human brain. Our evidence to date suggests that the striosomal pat hways closely mimic the canonical pathways\, except for their crucial diff erences in outputs targets. They seem to work in opposition to each other and have opposite Go-D1 NoGo-D2 polarities. These results are very new\, b ut accumulating evidence already points to the striosomes as being functio nally important for reinforcement-based learning\, for behavioral engageme nt\, for cost-benefit approach-avoidance decision-making\, and for switchi ng or maintaining mood and bodily states\, all concordant with evidence th at the striosomal circuits receive inputs from limbic system-related regio ns. Together\, these findings can help to forge new models of basal gangli a function that include motivation and mood as parts of a network of foreb rain control circuits interacting with dopamine and other neuromodulators to influence behavioral and cognitive action.\n DTSTART:20251113T210000Z DTEND:20251113T220000Z LOCATION:Jeanne Timmins Amphitheatre\, Montreal Neurological Institute\, CA \, QC\, Montreal\, H3A 2B4\, 3801 rue University SUMMARY:2025 Hughlings Jackson Lecture: The Basal Ganglia and the Motivatio n to Act URL:/medhealthsci/channels/event/2025-hughlings-jackso n-lecture-basal-ganglia-and-motivation-act-362529 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR